Because of nice weather and scheduling, I decided to head out to Quantico and do some shooting for a change. Given that I haven't been to the range in a couple months, I really needed this. A reader decided to take me up on my offer to give it a try and met me down there.
Shooting at MCB Quantico is a little different than your average public range. You don't get met by a pair of professional Marines armed with shotguns at the entrance, for one. After presenting my ID, I drove on to the base and met up at the clubhouse a few miles onto the base itself. The one thing you don't do on Quantico is speed. It's a felony and it if caught, it would be the last time you'd be shooting there or anywhere else.
For this trip, we were shooting on Range 4. It's one of the 1000 yard ranges. Since we had a large group, we would be shooting in relays and working back from the berm. Range 4 has known distance shooting positions that extend out from the berm. If you like to try things at various distances, this is excellent. The only downside is if you can't shoot well at a given distance, your day will get cut short because all targets must be placed on the berm. The other 1000 yard range, Range 305, works the opposite way. On that range, the shooting positions are fixed and the targets get walked out.
Hey, it's Quantico! It's good no matter where you shoot.
After the safety and rules briefing, we placed targets on the top of the pits and set up on the 100 yard line. Here's what the view is like from the 100 yard mark:

I am shooting at the targets under the "15". A 12 inch Shoot N' See, a 12 inch sighting target and my guest is shooting at a pair of 6 inch VisiShot targets you can barely see below the main targets. And for folks who never done this, here's my office for the day:

Nice view, eh? Some details if I may...
My shooting mat is a surplus Korean War era paratrooper bag. This is a heavy canvas and felt contraption that was used to pack a rifle for jumps and can be arranged to be a backpack of sorts. Lots of straps and buckles. But very durable and comfortable to lie on. And for $20 from Cheaper than Dirt, one of the better deals I've found.
A basic Tasco 35x spotting scope and I'm shooting my pride and joy for this type of work, my M96 Swedish Mauser. Unfortunately, I had an equipment malfunction before this picture was taken about halfway through the relay. I had my Harris bipod fitted and was shooting off that when suddenly the gun starting wobbling. The front swivel stud had worked out of the stock and the bipod couldn't be tightened down. Since my shooting bag was 200 yards behind me in my truck, I decided to use my range bag as a field expedient rest. Hey, it works.
Five rounds of 6.5x55mm 139gr Wolf ammo completes my desk accoutrements.
Another view of the 100 yard office...

Ignore the 20 inch A2 pattern AR-15. I didn't shoot it at all during this session. Gatorade, multitool and a calculator complete the office.
After firing the first string at 100 yards at the Shoot N' See (and happy with the results), we moved back to the 200 yard mark. This is where the M96 gets fun. You see, the zero mark for this round is 200 yards and it is where my rifle is zeroed at. I was shooting high at 100 yards. So with that, I replaced the Shoot N' See with a new one and we walked back to the 200 yard line.
Shooting continues nicely from this position. Unfortunately, my guest wasn't used to shooting prone outdoors and decided he would call it a day after the 200 yard relay. I was grateful he came out and hope he had a good time. On the line it is pretty much an individual thing except for the single "Shit!" that I yelped while firing from this range. You hear me curse out loud and you know I just blew a shot. In this case, jerked the trigger and saw the round go high.
After we finished the 200 yard relay, I chatted with my guest and compared notes. He had a good time and I hope he'll come out again. With the weather getting cooler, I expect to be spending some time as schedules permit out at Quantico.
Finally for me this day, we worked out to the 300 yard mark. For the first time under nice conditions, I can see if all this magic ballistics stuff actually works. Here are more views of our working office from the 300 yard line:

This is from the shooter's eye view. Trying to give you a sense of what it is like to be looking downrange at a target from three football fields away. You can see the 200 yard line in front of us and the ready benches below the firing line behind it. You definitely don't want to be sitting down there right now!
And this is approaching the tool of our trade:

My targets are below the black "16". Yes, they really look that small from this distance. You get a good look at the user end of things and can clearly see finger adjustable turrets of the scope. Note the difference in our "office" on the 300 yard mark:

For non-shooters out there, you have to be wondering why I have a calculator with me on the range. Here's your math and shooting lesson for the day. Oh no, math in shooting! Bad! Bad! Plus an education in shooting with a scope.
Bullets do not follow a straight line path through the air. They follow an arc. When the round is fired, the bullet will rise through the air and as air drag and gravity act upon it, it slows down and begins to fall towards the ground.
When we talk about "zeroing a rifle", we are setting up the sights for a given range, typically 100 yards, where when we place the sights or crosshairs on the center of a target, the bullet will impact that point. The key here is that aiming point is only good for that specific range. If the target is closer in or further out, the bullet will impact high or low since the target is sitting on a different point of the arc. With me so far?
So to shoot at different distances other than the range we zeroed at, we need to aim high or low to compensate for the rise or drop of the bullet so it will still hit the center of the target. In order to do this, you need to know what the rise or drop of the bullet will be at distances other than the one you zeroed at.
That is where that white piece of paper next the calculator comes into play. It is a ballistics table. In this case, for the 6.5x55mm Swedish round I am firing. These tables list for given weights and types of bullets (there are many) the rise or drop of the bullet in inches at varies ranges. The chart I am using lists changes from 100 to 500 yards.
I'm not going to discuss iron sights here since we are doing scoped shooting. Scopes also allow for more precise shooting since they are much easier to adjust for making sure bullets hit where you are aiming. But you need to know how to adjust them.
All scopes are adjusted in terms of MOA. This stands for "Minute Of Angle". Without going into long-winded details, usually what this term means is the amount of adjustment needed to compensate for 1 inch change in the point of impact versus your point of aim at 100 yards. If you are sighting in on the bullseye at 100 yards and your holes are appearing an inch to the right of where you are aiming, that would represent a 1 MOA adjustment.
Think of MOA as a circle around where you are aiming. At 100 yards, this circle would be 1 inch in radius or 2 inches in diameter. Which means with a 1 MOA capable rifle, your rounds will land consistently in that 2 inch diameter circle centered on the bullseye. 1 MOA is considered good accuracy. Competition grade rifles can achieve much higher accuracy. 1/2 MOA is considered a good starting point and typical of most hunting rifles. That means at 100 yards, all the rounds will land in a circle 1 inch in diameter, twice as tight as the 1 MOA rifle. There are rifles that can do 1/4 or even 1/8 MOA.
This makes sense for 100 yard shooting since MOA basically equals 1 inch. But what about 200 or 300 yards (or beyond)?
Quite simple, the MOA figures increase. At range increases so does the possible deviation of the bullet. So at 200 yards, 1 MOA is 2 inches. At 300 yards, it is 3 inches. So a 1 MOA rifle shooting at 200 yards will land its rounds in a 4 inch diameter circle. At 300 yards, that circle is 6 inches across. And so on. It's a geometric progression. At 1000 yards, a 1 MOA rifle is deviating into a circle 20 inches across.
Those can be some pretty big circles. It still doesn't explain the purpose of the calculator.
As I said, all scopes are adjusted in terms of MOA. Each turn of those numbered turrets will represent a change in where the bullet hits. A click of the turret will move the impact point a given fraction of MOA in the desired direction. In my case, my scope is a 1/4" MOA at 100 yards. Since almost all rounds are zeroed at 100 yards, this makes sense. What it means is if I turn the turret 1 click, it will move the impact point 1/4 inch at 100 yards. Four clicks equals 1 MOA or 1 inch at 100 yards.
We won't discuss 100 or 200 yards here. As I said, my rifle is zeroed at 200 yards. Where I put the crosshairs is where the bullet will theoretically land at that distance. 300 yards is where it starts to get interesting.
Consulting the ballistics table for the 139gr boat tail round I am shooting (yes, they break it down by weight and bullet type, each fly differently), I read a drop of 8.4 inches at 300 yards. Great! Assuming no wind and a perfect shooting, my rounds will be clumping 8.4 inches below the bullseye if that is where I am aiming. If I want to put the crosshairs on the bullseye and hit it, I need to adjust the scope so it raises the point of impact to meet the point of aim. In other words, I need to raise it by 8.4 inches.
That's where the calculator comes into play.
8.4 inches is not a value in MOA. We need to translate it into MOA. We do this by a very simple formula:
deviation in inches / (range in yards / 100)
This works for the known ranges where you have drop figures for. For those that you don't, you need to guess. What this formula does is translate your drop in inches into drop in MOA. Once you have that, you can adjust your scope. So if we plug in 8.4 inches and 300 yards, we get a value of 2.8 MOA.
Since my scope is adjusted in 1/4 MOA increments, we multiply that number by 4 (or divide by 1/4 or .25). That gives a value of 11.2. This is the number of clicks in "Up" direction I need to dial into the elevation turret on the scope to bring the rounds onto the bullseye.
You do the same thing to account for wind. If the wind is blowing your rounds 2 1/4 inches to the right at 300 yards, you have a deviation of 0.75 MOA. For a 1/4" MOA scope, this means you dial in 3 clicks of "Left" adjustment to compensate.
Pretty cool stuff, eh? It's pretty straightforward math but when you do it, it is like magic. By the way, these paragraphs just taught you the secrets snipers use in doing known distance shooting.
This also gives you an important amount of information. It means you are adjusting your rifle in known ways. When you dial in these changes, you are also wrecking your nice 100 or 200 yard zero point. By knowing and keeping track of the changes you make in your scope from that point, it becomes very easy to restore the scope to its original zero point. Since all adjustments you make depend on that zero point, this is crucial. Otherwise, you're rezeroing your rifle every time you shoot it.
That's what the notebook is for. As I was adjusting my scope to compensate, I was noting the direction and number of clicks. When I was done, I just reverse them and my scope returns to its 200 yard zero point. You do this before you leave the line to move to another distance so all your adjustments are done in a consistent manner rather than you having to add or subtract. Too easy to confuse yourself.
Enough of the math. You'll see the results in a moment. Here's yours truly on the 300 yard line (thanks to a fellow shooter):

Typical prone shooting position. Offset at an angle to your natural point of aim, rifle is supported in front, I'm supporting the butt with my fist. You can actually see the barrel of the rifle is aimed slightly upwards, compensating for the 8.4 inch drop of the bullet to make it fall into the center of the target.
As an aside, also note the padlocks on the gun cases. A minor form of paranoia on my part since the law does not specify the cases have to be locked but a padlock on a soft case clearly shows intent to secure the arms. Cable locks inside also help. Most of you probably don't succumb to that level of paranoia in securing your arms for transport. For me, I don't ever want there to be doubt if I am ever pulled over that I haven't properly secured my guns during transport. Easier to avoid a gun charge than to fight one.
Shooting at 300 yards is fun. For this relay, I was shooting at a 12 inch 100 yard sighting target. It was so far away that I couldn't see the holes in my spotting scope. My rifle scope was better but just barely. I was getting the impression of where the rounds were impacting but still couldn't see the holes themselves. I need a better spotting scope.
One of the reasons shooting at 300 yards is interesting is the distance starts to introduce a noticeable delay in from the moment you pull the trigger until you see the puff of dirt as the round impacts behind the target. Movies lie. The holes don't appear instantly after you pull the trigger. Follow-through is a good habit to develop. My finger was not releasing from the trigger until after the dust had settled, literally.
Mirage and wind were factors here too. At this distance, they start to affect things and I simply wanted to see if I could actually hit and stay on the paper at 300 yards. I estimate wind was at around 5mph moving right to left. Nothing major. I fired a total of 14 rounds in three strings. First string of 5 was fired after I dialed in 12 clicks of "Up" elevation and 2 clicks of right windage. Second string of 4 was fired with the windage and elevation dialed out to see how much the 300 yard pattern deviated from the 200 yard zero and a third string with only 8 clicks of "Up" elevation and no windage.
After the relay, I went to retrieve my target stand. Here are the results from the 200 and 300 yard marks:

This is the 200 yard Shoot N' See. For reference, the orange bullseye is 1 inch in diameter and the X ring is 2 inches in diameter. The three holes on the low 6 o'clock were from the first three shots. I had to adjust my zero point upward to fine tune it. Once I did that, everything started landing in the X ring. The deviations outside it are due to me. My M96 is easily a 1 MOA rifle, probably less given my groups were tightening as I settled down as the triple overlapping holes at the bottom of the bull indicate.
I'm not a precision marksman by any means but this isn't bad. Not bad with crappy Wolf factory ammo. 200 yards is actually a pretty easy shot with my rifle. If you've never shot before, take me up on a future offer to go to Quantico. Even a new shooter with a little practice can place all of their rounds onto this 12 inch circle from two football fields away!
Tell me that isn't a nifty thing to do?
Here's the 300 yard target:

This is useful information. It shows all of my 14 rounds from my 3 strings made the paper. Ignore the holes below and the one on the bottom edge of the target; they weren't from my rifle. Next time I'll have to set multiple targets or get a better spotting scope so I can plot which holes belong to what group. But at minimum I know that I need to adjust the elevation for the Wolf ammo. It doesn't seem to be going as fast as the figures listed plus I had to choose a round that matched closely since my chart didn't have a FMJ boat tail option. Probably two or three more clicks up will put me in the center. Wind and my breathing were affecting this as well.
Still, not bad. That's pretty much a 1 MOA circle right there. I call that a good starting point. I think we'll try this again shooting off the remainder of my Wolf crappy ammo before I move onto the better Igman 139gr FMJ spitzer rounds. I expect them to perform better. My M96 is likely a 1/2 MOA rifle or better. Especially given at 200 yards I was achieving near 1/2 MOA performance without the use of a vise.
Remember, all rifle performance figures for MOA as provided from the factory are the absolute, top end perfect figures from a rifle bolted into a rest and fired with match grade ammunition. They only get worse from there whether it be from lesser ammo or a lesser shooter. I'd say I'm not doing too badly for a rusty shooter.
My guest did pretty well. He was shooting a Remington 700P in 5.56x45mm. This was his 100 yard target. This is good shooting in my book...

I decided not to try my luck at 600 yards. I was tired, hot and sweaty. Besides, the drop at 500 yards is 47.9 inches. Four feet. I need to guess on the drop at 600 yards or get a ballistics program. I'll save that for a future trip. Assuming the calculations work out and I can actually park the rounds onto this same target all around the center (which would be roughly 1 MOA at 600 yards), 1000 yards becomes a real possibility. I want big paper to even attempt that.
But that's the goal and why I go to Quantico. If I can get my rounds anywhere on a 24 inch target at 1000 yards, I'd be very pleased with myself. That's a good start towards the goal of decent long-range marksmanship. In the end, I want to be able to park them consistently into an 8 inch circle at that distance.
But I might need to rebuild the rifle for that. And I'll be hand loading by that point.
So I packed up for the day and took a few parting shots of the range. Here are the target pits showing the target frames that every Marine is familiar with:

And lastly, here is the view looking back towards the firing line down the full length of this 1000 yard range:

To give you a sense of distance, the outhouses on the right are just behind the 300 yard line. The hill closest to the camera is the 100 yard line. The trees at the end of the range in the distance at at the road next to the range complex. The 1000 yard line is below the dirt in the shadows of those trees.
It's a long way.
As they say, "A bad day at the range is better than any good one at the office.". Especially when your office is this nice!
I'd like to thank the QSC RSOs who ran the range for the day. As usual, they did a good job and kept things moving nicely. Always focused on safety and always willing to answer questions. Following the rules is important here and they did their usual outstanding job.
Thanks also to my guest who joined me on the base for the day. Not your usual outing and I hope he enjoyed his introduction to the Quantico Shooting Club and the range facilities at MCB Quantico. If he has any comments that he would like to pass along, I will post them here.
Hopefully there will be more Quantico Days ahead.